Pneumonia: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatments
Pneumonia is an infection that occurs in lung parenchyma and is divided into community acquired pneumonia and health care-associated pneumonia. Routes of infection include mainly microaspiration in healthy persons, Gross aspiration, which is mainly observed in patients with CNS problems, or aerosolization, which is the main infection route of legionella. Symptoms include fever, chill, cough, sputum, and sometimes dyspnea. Some may have gastrointestinal symptoms, and headache, arthralgia, and other symptoms may occur. Cracking can be identified by stethoscope findings. Chest x ray is basically important as a diagnostic test for pneumonia. In addition, blood, sputum culture will identify the causative bacteria.
Pneumonia can be divided into typical pneumonia and atypical pneumonia depending on the causative strains, and symptom patterns may be different. Typical pneumonia is characterized by pneumococcus and H. influenza strains and is associated with high fever of over 40 degrees. Chill is common and unlike atypical pneumonia, it is associated with productive cough. Leukocytosis is common. Treatment includes beta-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin and new fluroquinolone such as levofloxacin.
Atypical pneumonia is a pneumonia caused mainly by mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, influenza virus, and symptoms such as myalgia, fever is mild below 39 degrees. Cough is also accompanied non-productively. For atypical pneumonia, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and fluoroquinolone are used.
1) Mycoplasma pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma, the most common cause of atypical pneumonia, is the most common at the age of 5-20 years and causes an intrafamilial spread within the closed population. It causes non-productive cough, which is not accompanied by sputum, and mild fever of less than 39 degrees appears as a symptom. Extrapulmonary symptoms include encephalitis, erythema multiforme, and hemolytic anemia. PCR is used for diagnosis and macrolide antibiotics are commonly used in treatment of atypical pneumonia.
2) Legionella pneumonia
Legionella pneumonia, another cause of atypical pneumonia, is characterized by its ability to spread in aerosol form. In addition, aspiration and direct pulmonary infection can be transmitted through various routes. Symptoms of Legionella pneumonia include a broad spectrum of clinical spectrum, beginning with mild symptoms accompanied by mild fever, and possibly with symptoms equivalent to lung infiltration and multi-organ failure, suggesting a poor prognosis. It has non-productive cough compared to typical pneumonia and has symptoms such as malaise and fatigue. Pulmonary symptoms are present. Numerous symptoms such as digestive system symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, SIADH, and DIC may occur. Because the treatment is atypical pneumonia, the macrolide family is used.
Pneumonia can be divided into typical pneumonia and atypical pneumonia depending on the causative strains, and symptom patterns may be different. Typical pneumonia is characterized by pneumococcus and H. influenza strains and is associated with high fever of over 40 degrees. Chill is common and unlike atypical pneumonia, it is associated with productive cough. Leukocytosis is common. Treatment includes beta-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin and new fluroquinolone such as levofloxacin.
Atypical pneumonia is a pneumonia caused mainly by mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, influenza virus, and symptoms such as myalgia, fever is mild below 39 degrees. Cough is also accompanied non-productively. For atypical pneumonia, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and fluoroquinolone are used.
1) Mycoplasma pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma, the most common cause of atypical pneumonia, is the most common at the age of 5-20 years and causes an intrafamilial spread within the closed population. It causes non-productive cough, which is not accompanied by sputum, and mild fever of less than 39 degrees appears as a symptom. Extrapulmonary symptoms include encephalitis, erythema multiforme, and hemolytic anemia. PCR is used for diagnosis and macrolide antibiotics are commonly used in treatment of atypical pneumonia.
2) Legionella pneumonia
Legionella pneumonia, another cause of atypical pneumonia, is characterized by its ability to spread in aerosol form. In addition, aspiration and direct pulmonary infection can be transmitted through various routes. Symptoms of Legionella pneumonia include a broad spectrum of clinical spectrum, beginning with mild symptoms accompanied by mild fever, and possibly with symptoms equivalent to lung infiltration and multi-organ failure, suggesting a poor prognosis. It has non-productive cough compared to typical pneumonia and has symptoms such as malaise and fatigue. Pulmonary symptoms are present. Numerous symptoms such as digestive system symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, SIADH, and DIC may occur. Because the treatment is atypical pneumonia, the macrolide family is used.
