Achalasia: Symptoms, Pathogenesis & Treatments
In Achalasia, the neurons of Esophagus are degenerated for unknown reasons. As a result, the food in the esophagus does not go over normally. Also, LES does not work properly. Usually when food comes over The LES relaxes and has to hand over the food, which is not done well and the food does not go over. Symptoms of achalasia include dysphagia, chest pain, regurgiatation, and heartburn. Treatment of Achalasia includes laparoscopic heller myotomy and endoscopic pneumodilation. Heller myotomy is a surgical technique that cuts the LES of the cardia. Laparoscopy is used to inject the surgical instrument into the abdominal cavity and excision is performed from slightly above the LES to the upper part of the cardia. The esophagus consists of several layers, in which myotomy excludes only the outer muscle layer. This is because perforation occurs when resection to the inner mucosal layer. Recently, peroral endoscopy myotomy has developed and myotomy is performed with an endoscope rathe...