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DKA and HHS are among the most urgent complications of diabetes. DKA is known as Diabetic and Ketoacidosis is found. It is mainly caused by lack of insulin administration or infection in patients with type 1 diabetes. HHS is the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state most commonly caused by infection in patients with type 2 diabetes. In DKA, metabolic acidosis is frequently found and serum glucose is found to be less than 800 mg / dl. However, occasional severe DKA patients may exceed 900 mg / dl. HHS shows differences in the presence or absence of DKA and ketone acidosis and the elevation of blood glucose. However, DKA and HHS coexist in approximately one-third of all acute complications. Treatment The treatment of DKA and HHS is similar in that the fluid and electrolytes are matched and insulin is administered. The first step of treatment is the supplementation of the extracellular volume by administering isotonic saline. First, treatment is meaningful because it can stabilize cardio...

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status (HHS) are typical complications of diabetes mellitus. These are commonly characterized by insulin deficiency, volume depletion, and acid-base abnormalities. Generally, DKA has ketoacidosis associated with hyperglycemia and is known to occur mainly in diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, but it also occurs in DM type 2 patients who do not show immunological characteristics of DM type 1. On the other hand, HHS is mainly found in DM type 2. DKA occurs well in younger patients under 65 years, whereas HHS tends to occur mainly in patients over 65 years of age Symptoms DKA generally has an acute tendency to develop for 24 hours. In some cases, DM type 1 is found through the diagnosis of DKA, but it is common in DM type 1 patients who are undergoing blood glucose control after diagnosis. Patients with DKA show nausea / vomiting and also thirst / polyuria due to hyperglycemia. In addition, increased osmolarity, dehydration, hypoten...