MedClips

Symptoms MCTD is a disease that affects women aged 10 to 20, and it is common to have non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, and arthralgia at first. In the end, however, there are characteristic symptoms, which differ from other connective tissue disorders as follows. First, the Raynaud phenomenon, swollen hand, and puffy finger are characteristic, and ANA shows a high tilter speckled pattern. In addition, kidney and central nervous system involvement is not often, and arthritis is a serious aspect. Unlike SLE and scleroderma, MCTD is a common symptom of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Diagnosis The anti-U1 RNP antibody is indispensable for the diagnosis of MCTD. However, this antibody is not unconditionally diagnosed. First, a positive ANA is suspected to be an early MCTD, followed by an anti-U1 RNP antibody. MCTD has a characteristic overlapping feature that tends to appear over a period of several years, and there is no universally accepted diagnostic criterion. Com...

Symptoms & Complications Influenza virus infections cause high fever, runny nose, throat, muscle aches, headache, cough, and fatigue. These symptoms typically begin 2 days later and disappear a week later. However, coughing can last for more than two weeks. Zone and vomiting can occur, especially in children. This is a rare condition in adults and has a greater severity in influenza B infection. At first, it is difficult to distinguish between cold and influenza infection, but flu can be classified into high fever and sudden fatigue. The GI symptom may be seen in some adults with H5N1 called bird flu. Complications of Influenza infection include viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infection, asthma and heart failure. In fact, mycoplasma infection was confirmed in this patient, and we felt the necessity to check whether the complication did not occur in influenza infection patients. If the symptoms appear to improve and then return to high temperature, this may be...

High dose & intrathecal Methotrexate (MTX) is often used for consolidation and CNS relapse prevention because it has been reported to improve the outcome of ALL therapy. However, MTX has side effects such as inhibition of myelin synthesis, antisera, oligodendrocytes, and BBB function. The most serious side effect of MTX is neurotoxicity, which may cause a side effect of up to 3-15% of the total treated patients, which may be transient, but may require occasional coma or death. Subacute effects can be divided into acute, subacute, and chronic neurotoxicity syndromes depending on the time that side effects occur due to IV and IT use. Acute-phase side effects include somnolence, confusion, headache, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness within several hours after IV administration of high-dose chemical meningitis and within several hours after ITx MTX treatment. Chronic side effects appear within a few months after MTX administration, and symptoms such as cognitive decline, abnormal behavi...

The patent ductus arteriosus is a case in which the obstructed pulmonary artery keeps open immediately after birth, and pulmonary vascular resistance is decreased and aortic blood flow enters the pulmonary artery. Frequency is two times higher in girls than in boys and is well accompanied by rubella infection in early pregnancy. Patients with patent ductus arteriosus tend to have a high incidence in preterm infants as in this case, 10% of congenital heart disease is accompanied by patent ductus arteriosus. Symptoms are mild, almost asymptomatic, and heart murmurs may be detected with a stethoscope. If the patency of the ductus arteriosus is large, it may be accompanied by heart failure and growth retardation from infancy. Typical clinical findings include wide pulse pressure, leaping veins, and sustained mechanical heart murmurs at the left sternal level. In the case of neonatal or pulmonary arterial hypertension, only systolic noise may be heard. In the chest X-ray, the heart size i...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart malformations. It may be present as a single anomaly but may be accompanied by other congenital cardiac anomalies. It is divided into Perimembranous, Muscular, and Subarterial type. Perimembranous type is the most common type (70%). Subarterial type is indications for surgical treatment regardless of defect size. Because defects appear near the LVOT, they can cause aortic valve prolapse and ultimately cause aortic regurgitation. The clinical manifestations of VSD depend on the size of the defect and the pulmonary blood flow. However, in moderate to large VSD, symptoms such as tachypnea, poor oral intake, poor weight gain, and tachycardia are present. In moderate to large VSDs, murmurs can also be heard. Low-pitched pansystolic murmur may appear at the lesion site and mid-diastolic rumbling murmur may appear at apex. Also, as blood flow to the pulmonary blood vessels increases, the size of P2 increases. LV hy...

The major complication of ESD is bleeding. The amount of intraoperative bleeding that can be divided into intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding was determined by post-op because it was difficult to accurately measure during the procedure. In one of the articles, the bleeding was expressed as significant intraoperative bleeding when Hb decreased more than 2g / The ratio is about 7%. Less bleeding occurs at a higher rate. To prevent intraoperative bleeding, it is important to clearly visualize the endoscopic view through sufficient submucosal injection, coagulate visible blood vessels, and cut the deep submucosal layer to a suitable depth. If bleeding occurs, use a water jet to quickly locate the bleeding site. The bleeding risk varies depending on the site. Compared to antrum, the middle and upper third of the body have a vascular rich submucosal layer, which is highly likely to cause bleeding. Post-op bleeding is known to occur at 5.3 to 15.6%. PPI is known to be effective...

Ulcerative colitis is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases, with an incidence of 2.2-14.3 per 100,000 in North America. Mucosa, submucosa, and a continuous lesion involving the recto-sigmoid region confined to the colon. Major symptoms include diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and mucus stool. On endoscopy, mucosal friability and mucosal vascularity disappear with continuous lesion including rectum. Crypt abscess may also appear. Barium enema and sigmoidoscopy can be diagnosed, with the loss of haustration on the barium enema resulting in a distinctive lead pipe appearance. Subsequent complications include toxic megacolon, perforation, obstruction, and colon carcinoma. One of the most serious complications, colon carcinoma, is associated with the duration of the disease and the extent of the lesion, and the risk increases gradually if UC persists for more than 10 years. Therefore, colonoscopic surveillance with multiple colon biopsy every two years is necessary for UC patients. ...