Osteomyelitis: Symptoms, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis & Treatments
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease localized to the bones. In this disease, especially hematogenous bone microorganisms occur frequently due to traumatic, surgical, sinusitis or periodontal disease.
Epidemiplogy
In a systematic review in 2012, it is known that one of 5000-700 in developed countries and one in 500-2300 in developing countries is more likely to appear in developing countries. In the United States, osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing.
Pathogenesis
Although the mechanism of deposition has not been well known, microbial migration of endothelial cells seems to play a major role in the initiation of microbial growth. It also develops as bone marrow or cellulitis, and exudate raises intramedullary pressure to cause rupture. Subacute and chronic osteomyelitis may form intraosseous abscesses and cause suppuration and necrosis.
Causes
S. aureus is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children. From 1996 to 2012, S. aureus was found to account for two-thirds of the isolates, and community-associated MRSA is a major contributor to musculoskeletal infection.
Symptoms
Clinical features include pain at 81 percent, localized sign and symptom at 70 percent, fever at 62 percent, reduced range of movement at 50 percent and reduced weight bearing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis confirms the clinical manifestations of bone infections and improves inflammatory markers such as ESR and CRP. In the imaging study, diagnosis and diagnosis of osteomyelitis-positive findings and histopathologic biopsy and response to empirical antibiotic therapy And can be diagnosed by clinical, lap and imaging tests in children.
Treatments
For empirical treatment, culture must be done first, and treatment is different according to age, but it differs from less than 3 months and more than 3 months. In children aged 3 months or longer, nafcillin / oxacillin / cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin are used to cover S. aureus and Gram positive organism. In addition, after the culture, ESR and CRP are monitored in accordance with the strain after culture. ESR goes up after the first treatment, and falls more slowly. CRP is considered to be a better indicator of acute course of illness monitoring for the first time in rapid growth and rapid decline.
Epidemiplogy
In a systematic review in 2012, it is known that one of 5000-700 in developed countries and one in 500-2300 in developing countries is more likely to appear in developing countries. In the United States, osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing.
Pathogenesis
Although the mechanism of deposition has not been well known, microbial migration of endothelial cells seems to play a major role in the initiation of microbial growth. It also develops as bone marrow or cellulitis, and exudate raises intramedullary pressure to cause rupture. Subacute and chronic osteomyelitis may form intraosseous abscesses and cause suppuration and necrosis.
Causes
S. aureus is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children. From 1996 to 2012, S. aureus was found to account for two-thirds of the isolates, and community-associated MRSA is a major contributor to musculoskeletal infection.
Symptoms
Clinical features include pain at 81 percent, localized sign and symptom at 70 percent, fever at 62 percent, reduced range of movement at 50 percent and reduced weight bearing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis confirms the clinical manifestations of bone infections and improves inflammatory markers such as ESR and CRP. In the imaging study, diagnosis and diagnosis of osteomyelitis-positive findings and histopathologic biopsy and response to empirical antibiotic therapy And can be diagnosed by clinical, lap and imaging tests in children.
Treatments
For empirical treatment, culture must be done first, and treatment is different according to age, but it differs from less than 3 months and more than 3 months. In children aged 3 months or longer, nafcillin / oxacillin / cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin are used to cover S. aureus and Gram positive organism. In addition, after the culture, ESR and CRP are monitored in accordance with the strain after culture. ESR goes up after the first treatment, and falls more slowly. CRP is considered to be a better indicator of acute course of illness monitoring for the first time in rapid growth and rapid decline.
